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The 8086 Microprocessor Architecture

on July 07, 2015

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8086 Microprocessor

8086 microprocessor has two units; Execution Unit (EU) and Bus Interface Unit (BIU). They are dependent and get worked by each other. Below is a short description of these two units. Execution Unit (EU): Execution unit receives program instruction codes and data from the BIU, executes them and stores the results in the general registers. It can also store the data in a memory location or send them to an I/O device by passing the data back to the BIU. This unit, EU, has no connection with the system Buses. It receives and outputs all its data through BIU. ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit) : The EU unit contains a circuit board called the Arithmetic and Logic Unit. The ALU can perform arithmetic, such as, +,-,×,/ and logic such as OR, AND, NOT operations. Registers : A register is like a memory location where the exception is that these are denoted by name rather than numbers. It has 4 data registers, AX, BX, CX, DX and 2 pointer registers SP, BP and 2 index registers SI, D

Applications of Microprocessors

Microprocessors are a mass storage device. They are the advanced form of computers. They arealso called as microcomputers. The impact of microprocessor in different lures of fields is significant. The availability of low cost, low power and small weight, computing capability makes it useful in different applications. Now a days, a microprocessor based systems are used in instructions, automatic testing product, speed control of motors, traffic light control , light control of furnaces etc. Some of the important areas are mentioned below: Instrumentation: it is very useful in the field of instrumentation. Frequency counters, function generators, frequency synthesizers, spectrum analyses and many other instruments are available, when microprocessors are used as controller. It is also used in medical instrumentation. Control: Microprocessor based controllers are available in home appliances, such as microwave oven, washing machine etc., microprocessors are being used in control

Bus and Cycles in microcontroller

BUS: Bus is a group of conducting wires or paths used to carry the information in form of digital signals. ADDRESS BUS: This is a bus used to carry the address of memory or I/O device from the CPU,it is unidirectional. DATA BUS: This is the bus used to carry the data between the CPU and memory or I/O device, it is bidirectional. CONTROL BUS: This is a bus used to carry the control signals between CPU and memory or I/O devices. FETCH CYCLE: It is a fixed time period taken by the CPU to fetch the opcode of an instruction from the memory. In the fetch cycle, the CPU places address present in program counter on the address bus and sends it to the memory in one T-state. In the next T-states, it gets the opcode of the instruction from the memory. The total time for sending address and getting data is called Fetch cycle. EXECUTE CYCLE: It is the time required to decode and execute an instruction.the instruction decoder decodes the opcode of the instruction. The timing and control u

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The 8086 Microprocessor Architecture

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