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The 8086 Microprocessor Architecture

on July 07, 2015

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8086 Microprocessor

8086 microprocessor has two units; Execution Unit (EU) and Bus Interface Unit (BIU). They are dependent and get worked by each other. Below is a short description of these two units. Execution Unit (EU): Execution unit receives program instruction codes and data from the BIU, executes them and stores the results in the general registers. It can also store the data in a memory location or send them to an I/O device by passing the data back to the BIU. This unit, EU, has no connection with the system Buses. It receives and outputs all its data through BIU. ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit) : The EU unit contains a circuit board called the Arithmetic and Logic Unit. The ALU can perform arithmetic, such as, +,-,×,/ and logic such as OR, AND, NOT operations. Registers : A register is like a memory location where the exception is that these are denoted by name rather than numbers. It has 4 data registers, AX, BX, CX, DX and 2 pointer registers SP, BP and 2 index registers SI, D

Applications of Microprocessors

Microprocessors are a mass storage device. They are the advanced form of computers. They arealso called as microcomputers. The impact of microprocessor in different lures of fields is significant. The availability of low cost, low power and small weight, computing capability makes it useful in different applications. Now a days, a microprocessor based systems are used in instructions, automatic testing product, speed control of motors, traffic light control , light control of furnaces etc. Some of the important areas are mentioned below: Instrumentation: it is very useful in the field of instrumentation. Frequency counters, function generators, frequency synthesizers, spectrum analyses and many other instruments are available, when microprocessors are used as controller. It is also used in medical instrumentation. Control: Microprocessor based controllers are available in home appliances, such as microwave oven, washing machine etc., microprocessors are being used in control

Features of microcontrollers

1 . Architectural features: Most microcontrollers built today are based on the CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) platform. A typical CISC microcontroller has over 80 instructions and it is quite common for the instructions to all behave quite differently. The main advantage of CISC architecture is that the instructions are macro-like, allowing the programmer to use one instruction in place of many simpler instructions. 2. Advanced Memory features: a. Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM): Many microcontrollers use the economic EEPROM for smaller amount of memory that have frequently changeable data. This type of memory is relatively slow, and the number of erase/write cycles allowed in its lifetime is limited. b. FLASH (EPROM): Flash provides microcontrollers with a better solution than EEPROM for requirements of large amounts in non-volatile program memory. EPROM is faster and permits more er

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The 8086 Microprocessor Architecture

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